Nobel prize was given to Andrew Fire and Craig Mello for their work on RNAi on

Options

A. Meloidogyne incognitia
B. Caenorhabditis elegans
C. Bacillus thuringiensis
D. Brassica napus

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks about the Nobel Prize awarded to Andrew Fire and Craig Mello for their work on RNA interference (RNAi).

2. **Identifying the Organism**: Their research specifically focused on the nematode known as *Caenorhabditis elegans*. This organism is a model organism widely used in molecular and developmental biology.

3. **Understanding RNA Interference (RNAi)**: RNA interference is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, effectively silencing targeted genes. This process is crucial for regulating gene expression and defending against viral infections.

4. **Connection to Agricultural Applications**: The work of Fire and Mello has significant implications in agriculture, particularly in controlling pests such as nematodes that affect crops like tomatoes. The nematode *Meloidogyne incognita* is known to infest tomato roots, and RNAi can be used to develop resistance against such pests.

5. **Conclusion**: Andrew Fire and Craig Mello were awarded the Nobel Prize for their groundbreaking work on RNA interference, particularly in relation to the nematode *Caenorhabditis elegans* and its applications in controlling pests like *Meloidogyne incognita*.

**Final Answer**: Andrew Fire and Craig Mello were awarded the Nobel Prize for their work on RNA interference (RNAi) in *Caenorhabditis elegans* and its applications in pest control, specifically against *Meloidogyne incognita*.

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