Elater mechanism for seed dispersal is exhibited by

Options

A. Liverworts
B. Marchantia
C. Riccia
D. Funaria

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Elaters**: Elaters are specialized structures that assist in the dispersal of spores in certain plants. They can be spindle-shaped or spoon-shaped.

2. **Identifying the Types of Elaters**:
- Spindle-shaped elaters are found in liverworts, specifically in the genus Marchantia.
- Spoon-shaped elaters are found in Equisetum.

3. **Characteristics of Elaters**: Elaters are hygroscopic, meaning they can absorb water. When they absorb moisture, they swell up.

4. **Function of Elaters in Seed Dispersal**: When elaters swell due to water absorption, they help in the dispersal of spores. The elaters are present within the capsule of the sporophyte of liverworts.

5. **Identifying the Correct Example**: Among the options provided (liverworts, Marchantia, Riccia, and Funaria), Marchantia is a specific example of a liverwort that exhibits the elater mechanism for seed dispersal.

6. **Conclusion**: The correct answer to the question is Marchantia, as it is the specific type of liverwort that demonstrates the elater mechanism for seed dispersal.

### Final Answer:
The elater mechanism for seed dispersal is exhibited by **Marchantia**.

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