What is common in all the three Funaria, Dryopteris and Ginkgo

Options

A. Independent sporophyte
B. Presence of archegonia
C. Well developed vascular tissues
D. Independent gametophyte

Answer

To determine what is common among Funaria, Dryopteris, and Ginkgo, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Groups**:
- **Funaria**: This is a bryophyte, which is a non-vascular plant.
- **Dryopteris**: This is a pteridophyte, which is a vascular plant.
- **Ginkgo**: This is a gymnosperm, which is also a vascular plant.

2. **Analyze the Characteristics**:
- **Vascular vs. Non-Vascular**: Funaria (bryophyte) is non-vascular, while Dryopteris and Ginkgo are vascular. This means that not all three have well-developed vascular tissues, so we can eliminate any common characteristic based on vascularity.
- **Dominance of Generations**: In bryophytes like Funaria, the gametophyte generation is dominant. In contrast, in both Dryopteris and Ginkgo, the sporophyte generation is dominant. Therefore, dominance of generation is not a common characteristic.

3. **Examine Reproductive Structures**:
- **Presence of Archegonia**: Archegonia are the female reproductive structures found in all three groups. Bryophytes (Funaria), pteridophytes (Dryopteris), and gymnosperms (Ginkgo) all possess archegonia.

4. **Conclusion**:
- The common characteristic among Funaria, Dryopteris, and Ginkgo is the presence of archegonia.

### Final Answer:
The common feature in all three (Funaria, Dryopteris, and Ginkgo) is the presence of archegonia, which are the female reproductive structures.

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