Initial serial stages in succession

Options

A. Possess low diversity
B. Have higher biomass
C. More numerous in secondary succession
D. Show maximum niche specialisation.

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Succession**: Succession is a natural process that occurs in ecosystems over time, leading to changes in species composition and community structure. It can be classified into two main types: primary succession and secondary succession.

2. **Defining Initial Seral Stages**: The initial seral stages refer to the early phases of succession, particularly in primary succession, where the environment is typically barren or has minimal life forms. These stages are characterized by pioneer species that are the first to colonize the area.

3. **Characteristics of Initial Seral Stages**:
- **Low Diversity**: In the initial seral stages, species diversity is generally low. This is because only a few hardy species can survive in the harsh conditions of a newly formed or disturbed environment.
- **Low Biomass**: The biomass, or the total mass of living matter, is also low in these stages. As the ecosystem develops, biomass tends to increase as more species establish themselves and grow.
- **Pioneer Species**: These are the first organisms to colonize the area. They are usually well-adapted to survive in extreme conditions and play a crucial role in modifying the environment, making it more hospitable for other species.

4. **Comparing Primary and Secondary Succession**:
- In primary succession, the initial seral stages occur on surfaces where no soil exists (e.g., after a volcanic eruption).
- In secondary succession, the initial seral stages occur in areas where a disturbance has destroyed an existing community but left the soil intact (e.g., after a forest fire).

5. **Conclusion**: The initial seral stages in succession are marked by low diversity and low biomass, primarily involving pioneer species that prepare the environment for subsequent species to thrive.