Occur on newly cooled lava, Faster succession, Progress to mesic condition, Occurs on flooded land, Slower succession, changes in flora only.
From the above features, how many are associated with primary succession ?

Options

A. Two
B. Five
C. Four
D. Three

Answer

To determine how many features are associated with primary succession from the given list, we will analyze each feature step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Primary Succession**:
- Primary succession occurs in an area where no soil exists, such as on newly cooled lava, bare rock, or after a glacier retreats. It involves the colonization of organisms in a previously uninhabited environment.

2. **Analyzing Each Feature**:
- **Feature 1: Occurs on newly cooled lava**:
- This is true for primary succession as it often starts on bare rock or newly formed surfaces like cooled lava.
- **Feature 2: Faster succession**:
- This is false for primary succession. The initial stages of primary succession are typically slow as organisms adapt to the new environment.
- **Feature 3: Progress to mesic condition**:
- This is true. As primary succession progresses, dry areas can develop moisture, leading to mesic conditions.
- **Feature 4: Occurs on flooded land**:
- This is false. Flooded land typically has existing flora and fauna, indicating that secondary succession is occurring rather than primary succession.
- **Feature 5: Slower succession**:
- This is true. Primary succession generally starts slowly as organisms establish themselves in a new environment.
- **Feature 6: Changes in flora only**:
- This is false. Primary succession involves changes in both flora and fauna.

3. **Counting the True Features**:
- From the analysis, the true features associated with primary succession are:
- Occurs on newly cooled lava (True)
- Progress to mesic condition (True)
- Slower succession (True)
- Therefore, there are **three features** associated with primary succession.

### Final Answer:
**Three features are associated with primary succession.**