In the resting state of the neural membrane diffusion due to concentration gradients, allowed, would drive

Options

A. `K^(+)` into the cell
B. `K^(+) and Na^(+)` out of the cell
C. `Na^(+)` into the cell
D. `Na^(+)` out of the cell

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Resting Membrane Potential**: In the resting state of a neuron, the membrane is polarized. This means there is a difference in charge across the membrane, with the inside of the cell being negatively charged relative to the outside.

2. **Role of Sodium-Potassium Pump**: The sodium-potassium pump is crucial in maintaining this resting potential. It actively transports sodium ions (Na⁺) out of the cell and potassium ions (K⁺) into the cell. Typically, for every three sodium ions pumped out, two potassium ions are pumped in.

3. **Concentration Gradients**: At rest, there is a higher concentration of sodium ions outside the cell compared to the inside. Conversely, there is a higher concentration of potassium ions inside the cell compared to the outside.

4. **Diffusion Due to Concentration Gradients**: If the membrane were to allow free diffusion of ions, sodium ions would naturally move from an area of higher concentration (outside) to an area of lower concentration (inside) due to the concentration gradient.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, if diffusion were allowed, sodium ions would rush into the cell. This influx of sodium ions would lead to depolarization of the membrane, which is a critical step in the generation of an action potential.

### Final Answer:
If allowed, diffusion due to concentration gradients would drive sodium ions into the cell.