Injury to vagus nerve in humans is not likely to affect

Options

A. Tongue movements
B. Gastrointestinal movements
C. Pancreatic secretion
D. Cardiac activity

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Vagus Nerve**: The vagus nerve is the 10th cranial nerve, also known as the "wanderer" due to its extensive distribution throughout the body. It originates from the medulla oblongata and extends to various organs in the head, neck, thorax, and abdomen.

2. **Identifying the Functions of the Vagus Nerve**: The vagus nerve innervates several critical organs, including:
- Larynx
- Pharynx
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Lungs
- Heart
- Intestines

3. **Determining the Impact of Injury**: An injury to the vagus nerve would affect any of the organs it innervates. Therefore, we need to identify an organ that is not innervated by the vagus nerve.

4. **Identifying the Exception**: The tongue is not innervated by the vagus nerve; instead, it is primarily controlled by the hypoglossal nerve, which is the 12th cranial nerve.

5. **Conclusion**: Since the tongue is not affected by an injury to the vagus nerve, the correct answer to the question is that injury to the vagus nerve in humans is not likely to affect tongue movements.

**Final Answer**: Injury to the vagus nerve in humans is not likely to affect the tongue.

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