Which of the following have been found to be very effective as emergency contraceptive as they could be used to avoid possible pregnancy due to rape if given within 72 hours?
(A) Administration of progestogens
(B) Progestogen-estrogen combination.
(C ) IUD's inserted within 72 hours of coitus.

Options

A. A only
B. A and B only
C. B only
D. A,B and C

Answer

To determine which methods are effective as emergency contraceptives that can be used to avoid possible pregnancy due to rape if administered within 72 hours, we need to analyze the three options provided:

1. **Administration of Progestogens (Option A)**:
- Progestogens are synthetic hormones that mimic the action of progesterone in the body.
- They work primarily by inhibiting ovulation, which means they prevent the release of an egg from the ovary.
- If there is no egg released, fertilization cannot occur, thus preventing pregnancy.
- This method can be effective if taken within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse.

2. **Progestogen-Estrogen Combination (Option B)**:
- This method combines both progestogens and estrogens, which are also synthetic hormones.
- Similar to progestogens alone, this combination alters the menstrual cycle and inhibits ovulation.
- The presence of both hormones can enhance the effectiveness of preventing ovulation and can also alter the uterine lining to prevent implantation.
- This method is also effective when taken within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse.

3. **IUDs Inserted Within 72 Hours of Coitus (Option C)**:
- Intrauterine devices (IUDs) can be hormonal or copper-based.
- Hormonal IUDs release hormones that inhibit ovulation, similar to the birth control pills.
- Copper IUDs release copper ions, which are toxic to sperm, thus preventing fertilization.
- Both types of IUDs can be effective as emergency contraception if inserted within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse.

**Conclusion**:
All three methods (A, B, and C) are effective as emergency contraceptives if administered within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse. Therefore, the correct answer is that all options (A, B, and C) are valid emergency contraceptive methods.

### Final Answer:
**All of the above (A, B, and C) are effective as emergency contraceptives.**

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