In India, population crossed one billion mark in May 2000. The probable reasons for this are, decline in
(A) Maternal mortality rate (MMR).
(B) Infant mortality rate (IMR).
( C) Number of people in reproducible age
(D) Death rate

Options

A. A & B only
B. A,B & C
C. A,B & D
D. A,B, C & D

Answer

To analyze the question regarding the reasons for India's population crossing the one billion mark in May 2000, we will evaluate each of the given options:

1. **Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)**:
- The maternal mortality rate refers to the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. A decline in MMR indicates that fewer women are dying during childbirth, which is often due to improvements in healthcare, access to medical facilities, and better prenatal and postnatal care. This decline contributes positively to population growth as more mothers survive childbirth and can have more children.

2. **Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)**:
- The infant mortality rate measures the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births. A decline in IMR suggests that more infants are surviving their first year of life, which can be attributed to better healthcare, nutrition, and living conditions. As more infants survive, the population continues to grow.

3. **Number of People in Reproductive Age**:
- The number of people in reproductive age refers to the segment of the population that is capable of bearing children, typically ages 15-49. While this is a significant factor in population growth, the question asks for probable reasons for the population increase. This factor alone does not directly indicate a decline in population-related mortality rates or improvements in healthcare.

4. **Death Rate**:
- The death rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals in a population. A decline in the death rate means that fewer people are dying, which contributes to population growth. Improvements in healthcare, nutrition, and living conditions can lead to a lower death rate.

Based on the analysis:
- Options A (Maternal Mortality Rate), B (Infant Mortality Rate), and D (Death Rate) are all factors that have declined, contributing to the population growth.
- Option C (Number of People in Reproductive Age) is not a direct reason for the population increase but rather a demographic factor.

**Final Conclusion**: The probable reasons for the population crossing one billion in India include a decline in the Maternal Mortality Rate (A), a decline in the Infant Mortality Rate (B), and a decline in the Death Rate (D). Therefore, the correct options are A, B, and D.