Which one of the following pairs of items correctly belongs to the category of organs mentioned against it

Options

A. Wings of honey-bee and wings of crow-Homologous organs
B. Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita Analogous organs
C. Nictitating membrane and blind spot in human eye -Vestigeal organs
D. Nephridia of earthworm and malpighian tubules of cockroach -Excretory organs.

Answer

To solve the question regarding which pairs of items correctly belong to the category of organs mentioned, we need to analyze each option based on the definitions of homologous, analogous, and vestigial organs.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Homologous and Analogous Organs**:
- **Homologous organs** are those that share a common ancestry but have diverged to perform different functions.
- **Analogous organs** are those that perform similar functions but do not share a common ancestry.

2. **Analyzing the First Statement**:
- **Wings of honey bee and wings of crow**: Both serve the function of flying but arise from different evolutionary paths (insects vs. birds).
- **Conclusion**: They are **analogous organs**, not homologous. This statement is incorrect.

3. **Analyzing the Second Statement**:
- **Thorns of Vaganvilya and tendrils of Cucurbita**: Both are modifications of the stem. Thorns protect the plant, while tendrils assist in climbing.
- **Conclusion**: They share a common ancestry and serve different functions, making them **homologous organs**. This statement is incorrect as it claims they are analogous.

4. **Analyzing the Third Statement**:
- **Nictitating membrane and blind spot in the human eye**: The nictitating membrane is a vestigial organ, while the blind spot is a functional part of the eye where the optic nerve exits.
- **Conclusion**: The blind spot is not a vestigial organ. This statement is incorrect.

5. **Analyzing the Fourth Statement**:
- **Nephridia of earthworm and Malpighian tubules of cockroach**: Both serve as excretory organs. Nephridia are involved in osmoregulation and excretion in earthworms, while Malpighian tubules perform excretion in cockroaches.
- **Conclusion**: Both are excretory organs, making this statement correct.

### Final Answer:
The correct pair of items that belong to the category of organs mentioned is:
- **Nephridia of earthworm and Malpighian tubules of cockroach**.