A: A single large mutation called saltation can produce new species.
R: Mutations are directional.

Options

A. If both Assertion `&` Reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. Then mark (1)
B. If both Assertion `&` Reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion, then mark (2)
C. If Assertion is true statement but Reason is false, then mark (3)
D. If both Assertion and Reason are falses statements, then mark (4)

Answer

To solve the assertion and reason question, we will analyze both statements step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze the Assertion
- **Assertion (A)**: "A single large mutation called saltation can produce new species."
- This statement is true. Saltation refers to a significant mutation that can lead to the formation of new species. It suggests that a large, sudden change in the genetic material can result in speciation.

### Step 2: Analyze the Reason
- **Reason (R)**: "Mutations are directional."
- This statement is false. Mutations are generally considered to be random events that occur in the genetic material. They do not have a predetermined direction or purpose; rather, they can happen in any part of the genome without a specific outcome in mind.

### Step 3: Conclusion
- Since the assertion is true and the reason is false, we conclude that the assertion stands independently of the reason. Therefore, the correct answer is that the assertion is true, but the reason is false.

### Final Answer
- **Assertion (A)**: True
- **Reason (R)**: False

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