Filtration and centrifugation for separation of products and cells produced during biosynthetic stage or collectively referred as _______.

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Context**: The question refers to the methods used for separating products and cells produced during the biosynthetic stage in biotechnology.

2. **Identifying the Methods**: The methods mentioned in the question are filtration and centrifugation. These techniques are commonly used in biotechnology for the separation of biological products.

3. **Separation and Purification**: In the context of producing substances like human insulin using genetically modified organisms (e.g., E. coli), the initial step involves separating the desired product from the cells and other materials. This is typically followed by a purification step to ensure that the product is free from contaminants.

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