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Select the option that excludes characte...

Select the option that excludes characteristics applicable to plasmids
a. Circular DNA
b. Linear DNA
c. Present in all bacteria
d. Contain essential genes
e. Extra chromosomal self-replicating

A

b & d only

B

b , c & d only

C

d , b , e , & c only

D

a only

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The correct Answer is:
To solve the question of selecting the option that excludes characteristics applicable to plasmids, we need to analyze each option in relation to the known characteristics of plasmids. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding Plasmids**: - Plasmids are small, circular pieces of DNA found in bacteria. They are not part of the chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. 2. **Evaluating Each Option**: - **Option A: Circular DNA** - Plasmids are indeed circular DNA. This is a characteristic of plasmids. - **Option B: Linear DNA** - Plasmids are not linear; they are circular. This option does not apply to plasmids and is therefore an exclusion. - **Option C: Present in all bacteria** - Plasmids are not present in all bacteria; they are found in many, but not all. This option is also an exclusion. - **Option D: Contain essential genes** - Plasmids typically carry non-essential genes that may provide advantages, such as antibiotic resistance, but they are not considered essential for the survival of the bacteria. This option is an exclusion. - **Option E: Extra chromosomal self-replicating** - Plasmids are extra chromosomal and can replicate independently. This is a characteristic of plasmids. 3. **Identifying Exclusions**: - From the analysis, the options that do not apply to plasmids are: - **B: Linear DNA** - **C: Present in all bacteria** - **D: Contain essential genes** 4. **Final Selection**: - The option that excludes characteristics applicable to plasmids is **B (Linear DNA)**, as it is the only option that is definitively not a characteristic of plasmids. ### Conclusion: The correct answer is **B: Linear DNA**. ---
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