Downstreaming process in biotechnology refers to

Options

A. The process which includes separation and purification of the product , after the completion of the biosynthetic stage
B. Large scale production of a product , by using bioreactors
C. The cells harbouring cloned genes of interest being grown on a small scale
D. The microbes which act upon the substrate are cultured and added into the fermenter

Answer

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Understanding Downstreaming Process**: The downstreaming process in biotechnology refers to the series of steps that occur after the biosynthetic stage of producing a product. This involves the recovery and purification of the desired product from the biological system.

2. **Transformation of Bacteria**: In biotechnology, we often use bacteria that have been transformed by introducing a plasmid. This plasmid contains the gene that codes for the product we are interested in producing.

3. **Culturing the Transformed Bacteria**: Once the plasmid is introduced into the bacteria, the bacteria utilize their own machinery to replicate the plasmid and produce the product of interest. The transformed bacteria, known as transformants, are then cultured to allow for the production of the desired product.

4. **Isolation of the Product**: After culturing, the next step is to isolate the product of interest from the culture medium. This is a critical part of the downstreaming process.

5. **Purification of the Product**: Once the product is isolated, it undergoes purification to remove any contaminants or unwanted substances. This ensures that the final product is safe and effective for its intended use.

6. **Filtration**: The final step in the downstreaming process is filtration, which helps in further refining the product and ensuring its quality before it is prepared for marketing or any other application.

7. **Conclusion**: The downstreaming process is crucial in biotechnology as it encompasses the separation and purification of the product after the biosynthetic stage is completed.

**Final Answer**: The downstreaming process in biotechnology refers to the process which includes separation and purification of the product after the completion of the biosynthetic stage.

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