Which of the molecule has p-p overlapping ?

Options

A. `Cl_(2)`
B. `HCl`
C. `H_(2)O`
D. `NH_(3)`

Answer

To determine which molecule has p-p overlapping, we will analyze the molecular structures of the given options: Cl2, HCl, H2O, and NH3.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Molecules**: The given molecules are Cl2, HCl, H2O, and NH3.

2. **Analyze Cl2**:
- Chlorine (Cl) has an atomic number of 17. Its electronic configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵.
- In Cl2, each chlorine atom contributes one of its 3p orbitals to form a bond.
- The overlapping of the 3p orbitals from each chlorine atom results in p-p overlapping.
- **Conclusion**: Cl2 has p-p overlapping.

3. **Analyze HCl**:
- Hydrogen (H) has an atomic number of 1 with an electronic configuration of 1s¹.
- Chlorine (Cl) has a p orbital in its outer shell.
- In HCl, the bond is formed by the overlap of the 1s orbital of hydrogen and the 3p orbital of chlorine.
- **Conclusion**: HCl has s-p overlapping, not p-p overlapping.

4. **Analyze H2O**:
- Oxygen (O) has an atomic number of 8 with an electronic configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁴.
- In H2O, the bond is formed by the overlap of the 1s orbitals of hydrogen and the 2p orbitals of oxygen.
- **Conclusion**: H2O has s-p overlapping, not p-p overlapping.

5. **Analyze NH3**:
- Nitrogen (N) has an atomic number of 7 with an electronic configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p³.
- In NH3, the bond is formed by the overlap of the 1s orbitals of hydrogen and the 2p orbitals of nitrogen.
- **Conclusion**: NH3 has s-p overlapping, not p-p overlapping.

### Final Conclusion:
Among the given molecules, only **Cl2** exhibits p-p overlapping.