In which of the following molecule in the bond angle is maximum ?

Options

A. Option 1. `CH_(4)`
B. Option 2. `H_(2)O`
C. Option3. `NH_(3)`
D. Option 4. `CO_(2)`

Answer

To determine which molecule has the maximum bond angle among the given options, let's analyze each molecule step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze CH4 (Methane)
- **Structure**: CH4 has a central carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms.
- **Bonding**: It has four sigma bonds.
- **Hybridization**: The hybridization of carbon in CH4 is sp³.
- **Shape**: The molecular geometry is tetrahedral.
- **Bond Angle**: The ideal bond angle in a tetrahedral structure is 109.5 degrees.

### Step 2: Analyze H2O (Water)
- **Structure**: H2O has a central oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and has two lone pairs of electrons.
- **Bonding**: It has two sigma bonds and two lone pairs.
- **Hybridization**: The hybridization of oxygen in H2O is also sp³.
- **Shape**: The molecular geometry is tetrahedral, but the presence of lone pairs affects the bond angle.
- **Bond Angle**: Due to the repulsion between the lone pairs, the bond angle is reduced to approximately 104.5 degrees.

### Step 3: Analyze NH3 (Ammonia)
- **Structure**: NH3 has a central nitrogen atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms and has one lone pair of electrons.
- **Bonding**: It has three sigma bonds and one lone pair.
- **Hybridization**: The hybridization of nitrogen in NH3 is sp³.
- **Shape**: The molecular geometry is also tetrahedral.
- **Bond Angle**: The presence of the lone pair causes the bond angle to decrease to about 107 degrees.

### Step 4: Analyze CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)
- **Structure**: CO2 has a central carbon atom doubly bonded to two oxygen atoms.
- **Bonding**: It has two sigma bonds (one with each oxygen) and no lone pairs.
- **Hybridization**: The hybridization of carbon in CO2 is sp.
- **Shape**: The molecular geometry is linear.
- **Bond Angle**: The bond angle in a linear molecule is 180 degrees.

### Conclusion
After analyzing all the given molecules, we find:
- CH4 has a bond angle of 109.5 degrees.
- H2O has a bond angle of 104.5 degrees.
- NH3 has a bond angle of 107 degrees.
- CO2 has a bond angle of 180 degrees.

**Maximum Bond Angle**: The molecule with the maximum bond angle is **CO2**, with a bond angle of **180 degrees**.

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