Biosphere includes

Options

A. Hydrosphere
B. Almosphere
C. Lithosphere
D. All of these

Answer

To answer the question "Biosphere includes," we can break down the components of the biosphere step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Definition of Biosphere**:
- The biosphere is defined as the global sum of all ecosystems. It is the highest level of ecological organization where life exists.

2. **Components of the Biosphere**:
- The biosphere includes various components of the Earth. The primary components are:
- **Lithosphere**: This refers to the outermost layer of the Earth, which includes the land and the Earth's crust. It is where terrestrial life exists.
- **Hydrosphere**: This encompasses all water bodies on Earth, including oceans, rivers, lakes, and even underground water. It is crucial for supporting aquatic life and providing water for terrestrial organisms.
- **Atmosphere**: This is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It is essential for providing the air we breathe and plays a vital role in weather and climate, which affects all living organisms.

3. **Conclusion**:
- Since the biosphere includes all three components (lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere), the correct answer to the question is "All of these."

### Final Answer:
The biosphere includes lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Therefore, the correct answer is **D. All of these**.

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