Why are builders added in soap, give their example?

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Definition of Builders**: Builders are substances added to soaps to enhance their effectiveness. They primarily work by binding cations, which are positively charged ions, in the water.

2. **Role of Builders in Soap**: The main function of builders is to soften hard water. Hard water contains high concentrations of cations, particularly calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) ions. These ions can interfere with the cleaning action of soap, leading to the formation of soap scum.

3. **Mechanism of Action**: By binding to these cations, builders prevent them from reacting with soap. This results in an increase in the soap's ability to lather and clean effectively. Essentially, builders enhance the clinging action of soap to surfaces, allowing for better cleaning.

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