In six kingdom classification, Monera was divided into two separate kingdoms on the basis of

Options

A. Cell wall composition
B. Lipid nature in plasma membrane
C. Absence of sap vacuole
D. Both (1) & (2)

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Six Kingdom Classification**: The six kingdom classification system was proposed by Carl Woese in the 1990s. It divides life into six distinct kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, and the division of Monera into two separate kingdoms: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.

2. **Monera Division**: In the original classification, Monera included all prokaryotic organisms. However, it was later recognized that there are significant differences between two major groups of prokaryotes, leading to the division of Monera into Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.

3. **Basis of Division**: The division of Monera into Eubacteria and Archaebacteria is based on:
- **Cellular Composition**: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria have different cellular structures. For example, the cell wall composition differs; Eubacteria typically have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, while Archaebacteria do not.
- **Lipid Nature in Plasma Membrane**: The lipid composition of the plasma membranes of Eubacteria and Archaebacteria is also distinct. Eubacteria have fatty acid-based lipids, while Archaebacteria have ether-linked lipids that are more stable in extreme environments.

4. **Conclusion**: Therefore, Monera was divided into two separate kingdoms, Eubacteria and Archaebacteria, based on both the cellular composition and the lipid nature in the plasma membrane. Thus, the correct answer is "both 1 and 2".

**Final Answer**: Monera was divided into two separate kingdoms on the basis of both cellular composition and lipid nature in the plasma membrane.

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