In graphite, electrons are

Options

A. Localised on every third carbon
B. Present in antibonding orbital
C. Localised on each carbon
D. Spred out between the structures

Answer

To answer the question "In graphite, electrons are," we can break down the explanation into several steps:

### Step 1: Understanding Graphite Structure
Graphite is an allotrope of carbon. In its structure, each carbon atom is arranged in a hexagonal lattice.

**Hint:** Remember that graphite consists of layers of carbon atoms bonded in a planar structure.

### Step 2: Hybridization of Carbon Atoms
In graphite, each carbon atom undergoes sp² hybridization. This means that one s orbital and two p orbitals mix to form three sp² hybrid orbitals.

**Hint:** Recall that sp² hybridization involves the mixing of one s orbital with two p orbitals.

### Step 3: Bond Formation
Each carbon atom forms three sigma bonds with neighboring carbon atoms using the sp² hybrid orbitals. The remaining p orbital on each carbon atom is involved in forming pi bonds.

**Hint:** Think about how many bonds each carbon atom forms and what type of bonds they are.

### Step 4: Pi Bonding and Delocalization
The pi bonds are formed by the sideways overlap of the unhybridized p orbitals from adjacent carbon atoms. This overlap creates a pi electron cloud above and below the plane of the carbon atoms.

**Hint:** Consider how pi bonds differ from sigma bonds in terms of electron distribution.

### Step 5: Electron Delocalization
The electrons in the pi bonds are not localized between specific carbon atoms; instead, they are delocalized across the entire structure. This delocalization contributes to the electrical conductivity of graphite.

**Hint:** Remember that delocalized electrons can move freely, which is crucial for conductivity.

### Conclusion
In conclusion, the electrons in graphite are delocalized and spread out between the carbon atoms in the structure, rather than being localized on individual carbon atoms.

**Final Answer:** In graphite, electrons are delocalized and spread out between the structure.