In a transistor, the collector current is always · less then the emitter current because -

Options

A. Collector side is reverse biased and the emitter side is forward biased
B. Collector being reverse biased, attracts the electrons
C. A few electrons are lost in the base and only remaining one's reach the collector
D. Collector side is forward biased and emitter side is reverse biased

Answer

To understand why the collector current in a transistor is always less than the emitter current, we can break down the explanation into several steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Transistor Structure**:
- A transistor consists of three regions: the emitter, base, and collector. The emitter is heavily doped, the base is lightly doped, and the collector is moderately doped.

2. **Biasing of the Junctions**:
- The emitter-base junction is forward-biased, which means it allows current to flow easily. In contrast, the collector-base junction is reverse-biased, which means it does not allow current to flow easily.

3. **Movement of Charge Carriers**:
- When the emitter-base junction is forward-biased, electrons from the emitter (which is negative) are pushed into the base. The majority of these electrons are minority carriers in the base.

4. **Recombination in the Base**:
- As electrons move into the base, some of them recombine with holes (the majority carriers in the base). This recombination process results in a loss of electrons that could have contributed to the collector current.

5. **Electrons Reaching the Collector**:
- Despite some electrons recombining in the base, a significant number of electrons continue to move towards the collector due to the reverse bias of the collector-base junction, which attracts them.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the collector current (Ic) is always less than the emitter current (Ie) because a portion of the electrons emitted from the emitter recombine in the base before they can reach the collector. This leads to the conclusion that the collector current is less than the emitter current.

### Final Answer:
The collector current is always less than the emitter current because a few electrons are lost in the base, and only the remaining ones reach the collector.