Electromagnetic wave is produced by

Options

A. Charge at rest
B. Acclerating charge
C. Oscillating charge
D. Both (2) & (3)

Answer

To solve the question "Electromagnetic wave is produced by," we can break down the concepts involved step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Electromagnetic Waves**:
Electromagnetic waves are waves that consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space.

2. **Identifying the Source of Electromagnetic Waves**:
- A stationary charge produces only an electric field, but no magnetic field. Therefore, it does not produce electromagnetic waves.
- An accelerating charge produces both an electric field and a magnetic field. This is crucial because electromagnetic waves are generated when both fields are present.

3. **Role of Oscillating Charges**:
- An oscillating charge is a specific case of an accelerating charge. As the charge oscillates, it continuously accelerates, which leads to the generation of time-varying electric and magnetic fields. This is a direct mechanism for producing electromagnetic waves.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Since electromagnetic waves are produced by both accelerating charges and oscillating charges, we can conclude that the correct answer is that they are produced by both options 2 (accelerating charge) and 3 (oscillating charge).

5. **Final Answer**:
- Therefore, the correct choice is option 4: "both 2nd and 3rd."