A : If electric flux over a closed surface is negative then the surface encloses net negative charge.
R : Electric flux is independent of the charge distribution inside the surface.

Options

A. A.If both Assertion & Reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion, then mark (1).
B. B.If both Assertion & Reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion, then mark (2).
C. C.If Assertion is true statement but Reason is false, then mark (3).
D. D.If both Assertion and Reason are false statements, then mark (4).

Answer

To solve the given question, we need to analyze both the assertion (A) and the reason (R) provided.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Assertion (A)**:
- The assertion states that if the electric flux over a closed surface is negative, then the surface encloses a net negative charge.
- According to Gauss's Law, the electric flux (Φ) through a closed surface is given by:
\[ \Phi = \frac{Q_{\text{enc}}}{\epsilon_0} \]
where \(Q_{\text{enc}}\) is the net charge enclosed by the surface and \(\epsilon_0\) is the permittivity of free space.

2. **Analyzing the Assertion**:
- If the electric flux is negative (\(\Phi < 0\)), it implies:
\[ \frac{Q_{\text{enc}}}{\epsilon_0} < 0 \]
- Since \(\epsilon_0\) is a positive constant, this means:
\[ Q_{\text{enc}} < 0 \]
- Therefore, the assertion is correct: a negative electric flux indicates that the enclosed charge is negative.

3. **Understanding the Reason (R)**:
- The reason states that electric flux is independent of the charge distribution inside the surface.
- This means that regardless of how the charges are arranged inside the closed surface, the total electric flux depends only on the net charge enclosed.

4. **Analyzing the Reason**:
- We can change the positions of charges inside the surface without affecting the total enclosed charge. Thus, the electric flux remains the same.
- This confirms that the reason is also correct.

5. **Determining the Relationship Between A and R**:
- While both the assertion and reason are correct, the reason does not provide a direct explanation for the assertion. The assertion specifically relates to the sign of the flux and the charge enclosed, while the reason discusses the independence of charge distribution.

6. **Conclusion**:
- Since both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion, the correct answer is that both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

### Final Answer:
- Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.