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A : AgBr shows both Schottky and Frenkel...

A : AgBr shows both Schottky and Frenkel defect.
R : AgBr is a crystalline solid.

A

If both Assertion & Reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion then mark (1)

B

If both Assertion & Reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion, then mark (2)

C

If Assertion is true statement but Reason is false then mark (3)

D

If both Assertion and Reason are false statements, then mark (4)

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
To analyze the given statements about AgBr (Silver Bromide), we need to determine the truth of both the assertion (A) and the reason (R) and their relationship. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding the Assertion (A)**: - The assertion states that AgBr shows both Schottky and Frenkel defects. - **Schottky Defect**: This defect occurs when an equal number of cations and anions are missing from the lattice, maintaining charge neutrality. In AgBr, one Ag⁺ ion and one Br⁻ ion can be missing, creating vacancies. - **Frenkel Defect**: This defect occurs when a cation (or anion) is displaced from its lattice site to an interstitial site, creating a vacancy and an interstitial defect. In AgBr, an Ag⁺ ion can move to an interstitial site, leaving a vacancy behind. **Conclusion**: Both types of defects can occur in AgBr, making the assertion true. 2. **Understanding the Reason (R)**: - The reason states that AgBr is a crystalline solid. - AgBr indeed forms a crystalline structure, similar to NaCl, where ions are arranged in a regular lattice. **Conclusion**: The statement that AgBr is a crystalline solid is also true. 3. **Analyzing the Relationship**: - While both statements are true, the reason (R) does not provide a correct explanation for the assertion (A). The occurrence of Schottky and Frenkel defects is related to the ionic nature and size of the ions in AgBr, not merely because it is a crystalline solid. ### Final Conclusion: - Both the assertion (A) and the reason (R) are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation for the assertion.
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What are the consequences of Schottky and Frenkel defects?

Define Frenkel defect in solid crystal.

When an atom or an ion is missing from its normal lattice site, a lattice vacancy (Schottky defect) is created. In stoichimetric ionic crystals, a vacancy of one ion has to be accompanied by the vacancy of the oppositely charged ion in order to maintain electrical neutrality. In a Frenkel defect an ion leaves its position in the lattice and occupies an interstitial void. This is the Frenkel defect commonly found along with the Schottky defects and interstitials. In pure alkali halides, Frenkel defects are not found since the ions cannot get into the interstitial sites. Frenkel defects are found in silver halides because of the small size of the Ag^(+) ion. Unlike Schottky defects, Frenkel defects do not change the denstiy of the solids. In certain ionic solids (e.q. AgBr) both Schottky and Frenkel defects occur. The defects discussed above do not disturb the stoichiometry of the crystalline material. There is large variety of non-stoichiomertic inorganic solids which contain an excess or deficiency of one of the elements. Such solids showing deviations from the ideal stoichiometric composition from an inmportant group of solids. For example in the vanadium oxide, VO_(x) , x can be anywhere between 0.6 and 1.3. There are solids which are difficult to prepare in the stoichiometric composition. Thus, the ideal composition in compounds such as FeO is difficult to obtain (normally we get a composition of Fe_(0.95)O but it may range from Fe_(0.93)O " to " Fe_(0.96)O ). Non-stoichiometric behaviour is most commonly found for transition metal compounds though is also known for some lanthanoids and actinoids. Zinc oxide loses oxygen reversibly at high temperature and turns yellow in colour. The excess metal is accommodated interstitially, giving rise to electrons trapped in the neighbourhood. The enhanced electrical conductivity of the non-stoichiometric ZnO arises from these electrons.ltrbgt Anion vacancies in alkali halides are produced by heating the alkali halide crystals in an atmosphere of the alkali metal vapur. When the metal atoms deposit on the surface they diffuse into the crystal and after ionisation the alkali metal ion occupies cationic vacancy whereas electron occupies anionic vacancy. Electrons trapped in anion vacancies are referred to as F-centers (from Farbe the German word for colour) that given rise to interesting colour in alkali halides. Thus, the excess of potassium in KCl makes the crytal appear violet and the excess of lithium in LiCl makes it pink. When LiCl is heated into the vapour of lithium, the crystal acquires pink colour. This is due to

When an atom or an ion is missing from its normal lattice site, a lattice vacancy (Schottky defect) is created. In stoichimetric ionic crystals, a vacancy of one ion has to be accompanied by the vacancy of the oppositely charged ion in order to maintain electrical neutrality. In a Frenkel defect an ion leaves its position in the lattice and occupies an interstitial void. This is the Frenkel defect commonly found along with the Schottky defects and interstitials. In pure alkali halides, Frenkel defects are not found since the ions cannot get into the interstitial sites. Frenkel defects are found in silver halides because of the small size of the Ag^(+) ion. Unlike Schottky defects, Frenkel defects do not change the denstiy of the solids. In certain ionic solids (e.q. AgBr) both Schottky and Frenkel defects occur. The defects discussed above do not disturb the stoichiometry of the crystalline material. There is large variety of non-stoichiomertic inorganic solids which contain an excess or deficiency of one of the elements. Such solids showing deviations from the ideal stoichiometric composition from an inmportant group of solids. For example in the vanadium oxide, VO_(x) , x can be anywhere between 0.6 and 1.3. There are solids which are difficult to prepare in the stoichiometric composition. Thus, the ideal composition in compounds such as FeO is difficult to obtain (normally we get a composition of Fe_(0.95)O but it may range from Fe_(0.93)O " to " Fe_(0.96)O ). Non-stoichiometric behaviour is most commonly found for transition metal compounds though is also known for some lanthanoids and actinoids. Zinc oxide loses oxygen reversibly at high temperature and turns yellow in colour. The excess metal is accommodated interstitially, giving rise to electrons trapped in the neighbourhood. The enhanced electrical conductivity of the non-stoichiometric ZnO arises from these electrons.ltrbgt Anion vacancies in alkali halides are produced by heating the alkali halide crystals in an atmosphere of the alkali metal vapur. When the metal atoms deposit on the surface they diffuse into the crystal and after ionisation the alkali metal ion occupies cationic vacancy whereas electron occupies anionic vacancy. Electrons trapped in anion vacancies are referred to as F-centers (from Farbe the German word for colour) that given rise to interesting colour in alkali halides. Thus, the excess of potassium in KCl makes the crytal appear violet and the excess of lithium in LiCl makes it pink. Stongly heated ZnO crystal can conduct electricity. This is due to

When an atom or an ion is missing from its normal lattice site, a lattice vacancy (Schottky detect) is created In stoichiometric ionic crystals, a vacancy of one ion has to be accompanied by the vacancy of the oppositely charged ion in order to maintain electrical neutrality. In a Frenkel defect an ion leaves its position in the lattice and occupies an interstitial void.This is the Frenkel defect commonly found along with the Schottky defects and interstitials.In pure alkali halides, Frendel defect are not found since the ions cannot get into the intenstitial sites.Frenkel defects are found in silver halides because of the small size of the Ag^+ ion.Unlike Schottky defects. Frenkel defects do not change the density of the solids.In certain ionic solids (e.g. AgBr) both Schottky and Frenkel defects occur. The defects discussed above do not disturb the stoichiometry of the crystalline meterial.There is large Such solids showing deviations from the ideal stoichiometric composition form an important group of solids For example in the vanadium oxide, VO_x , x can be anywhere between 0.6 and 1.3.There are solids which are difficult to prepare in the stoichiometric composition.Thus, the ideal composition in compounds such as FeO is difficult to obtain (normally we get a composition of Fe_(0.85) O but it may range from Fe_(0.93) O to Fe_(0.96)O ).Non-stoichiometric behaviour is most commonly found for transition metal compounds through is also known for some lanthanoids and actinodes. Zinc oxide loses oxygen reversibly at high temperature and turns yellow in colour.The excess metal is accomdated interstitially, giving rise to electrons trapped in the neighbourhood.the enhanced electrical conductivity of the non-stoichiometric ZnO arises from these electrons . Anion vacancies in alkali halides are produced by heating the alkali halide crystals in an atmosphere of the alkali metal vapour.When the metal atoms deposite on the surface they diffuse into the crystal and after ionisation the alkali metal ion occupies cationic vacancy whereas electron occupies anionic vacancy.Electrons trapped in anion vacancies are referred to as F-centres (from Farbe the German word for colour) that gives rise to interesting colour in alkali halides.Thus, the excess of potassium in KCl makes the crystal appear violet and the excess of lithium in LiCl makes it pink. In the crystal of Fe_(0.93)O , the percentage of Fe (II) will be

The incorrect statement regarding defects in crystalline solids is

When an atom or an ion is missing from its nomal lattice site a lattice vacanecy (Schottky defect) is created. In stoichmeteric ionic crystals, a vacancy of one ion has to be accompanied by the vacancy of the oppositely charge ion in order to maintain electrical neutrality. In a Frenkel defect an ion leaves its position in the lattice and occupies an interstitial void. This id the Frenkel defect commonly found along with the Schottky defects and interstitial. In pure alkali halides. Frenked defects are not found since the ions cannot get into the interstitial sites. Frenkel defects are found in silver halides because of the small size of the Ag^(+) ion. Unike Schottky defects, Frenkel defect do not change the density of the solids. in certain ionic solids (e.g., AgBr) both schottky and Frenkel defect occur. The Defects idiscussed above do not disturb the stoichiometery of the crystalline material. there is large variety of non-stoichiometric inorganic solids which contains an excess or deficienty of one of the elements. Such solids showing deviations from the ideal stoichiometric composition from an important group of solids. For example in the vanadium oxide, VO_(x),x can be anywehere between 0.6 and 1.3 there are solids such as difficult to prepare in the soichiometric omposition thus, the ideal composition in compounds such as FeO is difficult to obtain (normally we get a compositiion of Fe(0.95) O but it may range from Fe_(0.93) O to Fe_(0.96)O ). Non-stoichiometric behavious is most commonly found for transition metal compounds through is also known for some lathanoids and actinoids. Zinc oxide loses oxygen reversible at high temperature and turns yellow in colour. the excess metal is accomodated interstitial, giving rise to electrons trapped in the neighbourhood, the enchanced electrical conductivity of the non-stoichiometric ZnO arises from these electrons. Anion vacancies in alkali halides are produced by heating the alkali halid crystals in an atmosphere of the alkali metal vapour. when the metal atoms deposit on the surface they diffuse into the cystal and after ionisation the alkali metal ion occupies cationic vacancy whereas electron occupies anionic vacancy. Electrons trapped i anion vacancies are referred to as F-centers (From Farbe the German word for colouf) that gives rise to interesting colour in alkali halides. Thus, the excess of potassium i KCl makes the crystal appear violet and the excess of lithium in LiCl makes it pink. Which of the following is most appropritate crystal to show Fremkel defect ?

Give the name of one solid which shows both Schottky and Frenkel defects?

What is the effect of Frenkel defect on the electrical conductivity of crystalline solids ?

What is the effect of Frenkel defect on the electrical conductivity of crystalline solids ?

AAKASH INSTITUTE ENGLISH-THE SOLID STATE -Assignment (SECTION - D) (ASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTION)
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  3. A : The number of spheres are equal to the number of octahedral voids ...

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  4. A : In Schottky defect, density of crystal decreases. R : Equal nu...

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  5. A : If a tetrad axis is passed through the unit cell of NaCl and all i...

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  6. A : A particle at the corner of CCP unit cell has (1)/(8)th of its con...

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  7. A : Glass belongs to the category of covalent network solid. R : U...

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  8. A : NaCl shows Schottky defect at room temperature. R : NaCl shows...

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  9. A : Fe(3)O(4) is ferrimagnetic at room temperature but becomes paramag...

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  10. A : In molecular solids the lattice points are occupied by the atoms o...

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  11. A : Silicon is insulator at 0 K but semiconductor at room temperature....

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  12. A : Amorphous solids are isotropic. R : Amorphous solids are not rig...

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  13. A : In NaCl coordination number of Cl^(-) ion is 6 but in CsCl coordin...

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  14. A : All crystals of same substance possess the same elements of symmet...

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  15. A : AgBr shows both Schottky and Frenkel defect. R : AgBr is a cry...

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  16. A : Number of carbon atoms per unit cell in diamond is 8. R : The ...

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  17. A : The coordination number of ionic compound depends upon radius rati...

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  18. A : Number of rectangular plane in a cubic crystal is 3. R : Recta...

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  19. A : ccp is more efficient than hcp. R : Packing fraction is differe...

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  20. A : Coordination number of both Na^(+) and Cl^(-) NaCl is 6. R : Se...

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