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Pure water boils at 373 K and pure nitri...

Pure water boils at 373 K and pure nitric acid boils at 359 K. The azeotropic mixture of water and nitric acid boils at T.K.

A

`T lt 359K`

B

`T gt 359K`

C

`T lt 373 K but gt 359 K`

D

Unpredictable

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
To determine the boiling temperature of the azeotropic mixture of water and nitric acid, we can follow these steps: ### Step 1: Understand the Concept of Azeotropes An azeotropic mixture is a mixture of two or more liquids that has a constant boiling point and composition throughout the boiling process. This occurs when the vapor has the same composition as the liquid mixture. ### Step 2: Identify the Boiling Points From the question, we know: - The boiling point of pure water (H2O) is 373 K. - The boiling point of pure nitric acid (HNO3) is 359 K. ### Step 3: Determine the Nature of the Azeotropic Mixture In this case, the mixture of water and nitric acid shows a large or negative deviation from Raoult's law, which indicates that it forms a maximum boiling azeotrope. This means that the boiling point of the azeotropic mixture will be higher than the boiling point of the more volatile component (which is nitric acid in this case). ### Step 4: Analyze the Composition of the Azeotropic Mixture For the azeotropic mixture of nitric acid and water, it is known that the mixture contains approximately 68% nitric acid and 32% water by mass. The presence of a higher percentage of nitric acid (which has a lower boiling point) will lead to a boiling point that is higher than that of pure nitric acid. ### Step 5: Conclusion on the Boiling Temperature of the Azeotropic Mixture Since the azeotropic mixture has a boiling point that is higher than the boiling point of pure nitric acid (359 K) but lower than the boiling point of pure water (373 K), we can conclude that: - The boiling point of the azeotropic mixture is between 359 K and 373 K. ### Step 6: Evaluate the Options Given the options: - Option A: T is less than 359 K (Incorrect) - Option B: T is higher than 359 K (Correct) - Option C: T is smaller than 373 K, but higher than 359 K (Correct) - Option D: Unpredictable (Incorrect) The most accurate conclusion is that the boiling point of the azeotropic mixture is higher than 359 K, which aligns with Option B. ### Final Answer: The boiling temperature of the azeotropic mixture of water and nitric acid is higher than 359 K. ---
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