IF `C_2H_5 OH and H_2O` solution is example of non-ideal solution then which graphically representation is correct?

Options

A.
B.
C.
D.

Answer

To determine the correct graphical representation of a non-ideal solution of ethanol (C₂H₅OH) and water (H₂O), we need to understand the behavior of this mixture in relation to Raoult's Law.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Non-Ideal Solutions**:
- Non-ideal solutions do not obey Raoult's Law, which states that the vapor pressure of a solution is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent.
- In the case of ethanol and water, the solution exhibits a positive deviation from Raoult's Law.

2. **Reason for Positive Deviation**:
- When ethanol and water are mixed, the hydrogen bonds that form between water molecules are disrupted.
- Ethanol forms weaker hydrogen bonds with water compared to the strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules themselves.
- As a result, the vapor pressure of the solution increases compared to what would be expected if Raoult's Law held true.

3. **Graphical Representation**:
- In a graphical representation of vapor pressure versus composition, a positive deviation is indicated by a curve that lies above the straight line that represents ideal behavior.
- This means that as the concentration of ethanol increases in the solution, the vapor pressure also increases.

4. **Identifying the Correct Graph**:
- Among the options provided, we need to look for a graph that shows an increase in vapor pressure as the mole fraction of ethanol increases.
- The correct graph will show a rising trend in vapor pressure for the solution, indicating that the vapor pressure is higher than expected for an ideal solution.

5. **Conclusion**:
- The correct representation of the ethanol-water solution, which shows positive deviation from Raoult's Law, is the graph that illustrates an increase in vapor pressure with an increase in the concentration of ethanol.

### Final Answer:
The correct graphical representation is **Option 2**, which shows an increase in vapor pressure as the mole fraction of ethanol increases.