In the phenomenon of osmosis through the semipermeable membrane

Options

A. Solvent molecules pass from solution to solvent
B. Solvent molecules pass from solvent to solution
C. Solute molecules pass from solution to solvent
D. Solute molecules pass from solvent to solution

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Concept of Osmosis:**
- Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration (or higher solvent concentration) to a region of higher solute concentration (or lower solvent concentration).

2. **Setting Up the Scenario:**
- Consider two containers separated by a semipermeable membrane. Let’s label them as Container 1 and Container 2.
- Assume Container 1 has a higher concentration of solute compared to Container 2.

3. **Identifying the Pressure:**
- The osmotic pressure (π) is directly related to the concentration of solute in a solution. The formula for osmotic pressure is given by:
\[ \pi = iCRT \]
where \(i\) is the van 't Hoff factor, \(C\) is the molar concentration, \(R\) is the gas constant, and \(T\) is the temperature in Kelvin.
- Since Container 1 has a higher concentration of solute, it will also have a higher osmotic pressure (π1 > π2).

4. **Direction of Solvent Movement:**
- According to the principle of osmosis, the solvent will move from the area of lower osmotic pressure (Container 2) to the area of higher osmotic pressure (Container 1).
- Therefore, the solvent molecules will pass from Container 2 (solvent) to Container 1 (solution).

5. **Conclusion:**
- The correct statement regarding the movement of solvent molecules in osmosis is that solvent molecules pass from the solvent (Container 2) to the solution (Container 1).

**Final Answer:**
- The correct option is: "Solvent molecules pass from solvent to solution."

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