Given two reaction, describe them
(i) `Na_(2)CO_(3)+2H_(2)Orarr2NaOH+H_(2)CO_(3)`
(ii) `CuSO_(4)+5H_(2)OrarrCuSO_(4).5H_(2)O`

Options

A. Both are hydration reactions
B. Both are hydrolysis reactions
C. Both are crystallisation reactions
D. Reaction (i) is hydrolysis and reaction (ii) is hydration to from hydrated sait

Answer

To describe the two given reactions, we will analyze each reaction step by step.

### Reaction (i):
**Na₂CO₃ + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂CO₃**

1. **Identify the Reactants**:
- Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) is a salt.
- Water (H₂O) is a solvent.

2. **Identify the Products**:
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base.
- Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) is a weak acid.

3. **Reaction Type**:
- In this reaction, sodium carbonate reacts with water, resulting in the formation of two different products.
- The water molecules interact with the sodium carbonate, breaking it down and forming new bonds to create sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid.
- This process involves the breaking of bonds in the reactants and the formation of new bonds in the products, which is characteristic of hydrolysis reactions.

### Conclusion for Reaction (i):
- This reaction is classified as a **hydrolysis reaction** because water is used to break down sodium carbonate into sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid.

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### Reaction (ii):
**CuSO₄ + 5H₂O → CuSO₄·5H₂O**

1. **Identify the Reactants**:
- Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄) is an anhydrous salt.
- Water (H₂O) is a solvent.

2. **Identify the Products**:
- The product is hydrated copper(II) sulfate, also known as copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O).

3. **Reaction Type**:
- In this reaction, anhydrous copper sulfate combines with water molecules.
- The water molecules are incorporated into the structure of the copper sulfate, resulting in the formation of a hydrated salt.
- This process does not involve breaking down the copper sulfate; instead, it involves the addition of water to form a new compound.

### Conclusion for Reaction (ii):
- This reaction is classified as a **hydration reaction** because water is added to copper sulfate to form a hydrated salt.

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### Final Summary:
- **Reaction (i)** is a **hydrolysis reaction**.
- **Reaction (ii)** is a **hydration reaction**.

### Correct Option:
Based on the analysis, the correct option is **D**: Reaction 1 is hydrolysis and reaction 2 is hydration to form hydrated salt.

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