Which of the following metals is obtained by the self reduction process?

Options

A. Pb
B. Hg
C. Cu
D. All of these

Answer

To determine which metals are obtained by the self-reduction process, we need to analyze the properties of the metals listed in the options and understand the self-reduction method.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand Self-Reduction**:
- Self-reduction is a process where a metal is reduced from its oxide or other compound without the need for an external reducing agent. This typically occurs in metals that are less reactive.

2. **Identify the Metals in the Options**:
- The options provided are:
- Option 1: Lead (Pb)
- Option 2: Mercury (Hg)
- Option 3: Copper (Cu)
- Option 4: All of these

3. **Evaluate Each Metal**:
- **Lead (Pb)**: Lead can be extracted through self-reduction from its oxide (lead(II) oxide) by heating it with carbon, where lead is reduced to its metallic form.
- **Mercury (Hg)**: Mercury is obtained from its ore (cinnabar, HgS) by heating, where it undergoes self-reduction to release mercury vapor.
- **Copper (Cu)**: Copper can also be extracted from its ores (like copper(I) oxide) through self-reduction processes, where it can be reduced without an external agent.

4. **Conclusion**:
- All three metals (Lead, Mercury, and Copper) can be obtained through the self-reduction process. Therefore, the correct answer is:
- **Option 4: All of these**

### Final Answer:
**All of these metals (Lead, Mercury, and Copper) are obtained by the self-reduction process.**

---