The carbon atom of functional group in acid amide is

Options

A. `sp^(2)` hybridized
B. sp hybridized
C. `sp^(3)` hybridized
D. `dsp^(2)` hybridized

Answer

To determine the hybridization of the carbon atom in the functional group of an acid amide, we will follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify the structure of the acid amide
The general structure of an acid amide is represented as R-C(=O)-NH₂, where R is a hydrocarbon group. The carbon atom in question is the one that is double-bonded to oxygen (the carbonyl carbon).

### Step 2: Count the number of sigma bonds
To find the hybridization, we need to count the number of sigma bonds around the carbon atom:
- The carbon atom is bonded to:
- One carbon atom from the R group (1 sigma bond)
- One oxygen atom (double bond: 1 sigma bond)
- One nitrogen atom from the NH₂ group (1 sigma bond)

Thus, the total number of sigma bonds is:
- 1 (from R) + 1 (from O) + 1 (from N) = 3 sigma bonds.

### Step 3: Count the number of lone pairs
Next, we check for lone pairs on the carbon atom:
- The carbon atom does not have any lone pairs.

### Step 4: Consider any charges
In this case, there are no charges on the carbon atom.

### Step 5: Calculate the steric number
The steric number (SN) can be calculated using the formula:
\[ \text{Steric Number} = \text{Number of Sigma Bonds} + \text{Number of Lone Pairs} + \text{Charge on Anion} - \text{Charge on Cation} \]

Substituting the values we have:
\[ \text{Steric Number} = 3 \text{ (sigma bonds)} + 0 \text{ (lone pairs)} + 0 \text{ (charge on anion)} - 0 \text{ (charge on cation)} = 3 \]

### Step 6: Determine the hybridization
From the steric number, we can determine the hybridization:
- A steric number of 3 corresponds to sp² hybridization.

### Conclusion
The carbon atom of the functional group in acid amide is **sp² hybridized**.

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