The oxidation of benzene by `V_(2)O_(5)` in the presence of aire produces

Options

A. Benzoic acid
B. Benzaldehyde
C. Benzoic anhydride
D. Maleic anhydride

Answer

To solve the question regarding the oxidation of benzene by V₂O₅ in the presence of air, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify the Reactants
We start with benzene (C₆H₆) as our primary reactant. The oxidizing agent is vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅), and the reaction occurs in the presence of air (which provides oxygen).

**Hint:** Remember that benzene has a stable aromatic structure that will undergo oxidation under specific conditions.

### Step 2: Understand the Reaction Conditions
The oxidation of benzene using V₂O₅ typically occurs at elevated temperatures, specifically around 773 K. This temperature is crucial for facilitating the reaction.

**Hint:** High temperatures can help break the stable bonds in benzene and promote oxidation.

### Step 3: Oxidation Process
During the oxidation process, benzene reacts with oxygen (from the air) in the presence of V₂O₅. The oxidation leads to the formation of an intermediate compound, which is typically a carboxylic acid. In this case, the oxidation of benzene can lead to the formation of malic acid (C₄H₆O₄).

**Hint:** Look for the functional groups that are formed during oxidation; carboxylic acids are common products.

### Step 4: Formation of Malic Acid
The intermediate formed is malic acid, which has the structure with hydroxyl (-OH) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups. The reaction can be represented as:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_6 + \text{O}_2 \xrightarrow{\text{V}_2\text{O}_5, 773 \text{K}} \text{C}_4\text{H}_6\text{O}_4 \]

**Hint:** Keep track of the molecular formula changes as you progress through the reaction.

### Step 5: Dehydration to Form Malic Anhydride
Following the formation of malic acid, dehydration occurs, which involves the removal of a water molecule (H₂O). This leads to the formation of malic anhydride. The reaction can be summarized as:
\[ \text{C}_4\text{H}_6\text{O}_4 \rightarrow \text{C}_4\text{H}_4\text{O}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]

**Hint:** Dehydration reactions often lead to the formation of anhydrides or other cyclic compounds.

### Step 6: Final Product
The final product of the oxidation of benzene by V₂O₅ in the presence of air is malic anhydride, which has the structure:
\[ \text{C}_4\text{H}_4\text{O}_3 \]

**Hint:** Ensure you can visualize the structure of the final product to confirm it matches the expected outcome.

### Conclusion
Thus, the oxidation of benzene by V₂O₅ in the presence of air produces malic anhydride.

**Final Answer:** Malic anhydride (C₄H₄O₃).