Glucose on oxidation with Tollen's reagent cone. `HNO_3` produces respectively

Options

A. Gluconic acid and saccharic acid
B. Glucaric acid and saccharic acid
C. Saccharic acid and glucaric acid
D. Gluconic acid and no reaction

Answer

To solve the question regarding the oxidation of glucose with Tollen's reagent and concentrated nitric acid, we will follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify the structure of glucose
Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₆. Its structure can be represented as:
\[ \text{CHO} - \text{CHOH} - \text{CHOH} - \text{CHOH} - \text{CHOH} - \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \]

### Step 2: Understand Tollen's reagent
Tollen's reagent is a solution of silver nitrate (AgNO₃) in ammonia (NH₃). It is used to oxidize aldehydes to carboxylic acids while reducing silver ions to metallic silver.

### Step 3: Oxidation of glucose with Tollen's reagent
When glucose is treated with Tollen's reagent, the aldehyde group (-CHO) in glucose is oxidized to a carboxylic acid group (-COOH). The other hydroxyl groups remain unchanged. The product formed is gluconic acid (C₆H₁₂O₇).

### Step 4: Reaction with concentrated nitric acid
Concentrated nitric acid (HNO₃) is a strong oxidizing agent. It can oxidize both the aldehyde group and the hydroxyl groups in glucose. Therefore, both the aldehyde and the alcohol groups are converted to carboxylic acid groups. The product formed in this case is saccharic acid (C₆H₁₀O₈).

### Step 5: Conclusion
The oxidation of glucose with Tollen's reagent produces gluconic acid, while oxidation with concentrated nitric acid produces saccharic acid.

### Final Answer
Glucose on oxidation with Tollen's reagent produces gluconic acid and with concentrated nitric acid produces saccharic acid.

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