Aniline on nitration gives

Options

A.
B.
C.
D. All of these

Answer

To determine the product of the nitration of aniline, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the Structure of Aniline
Aniline is an aromatic amine with the chemical formula C6H5NH2. Its structure consists of a benzene ring (C6H5) attached to an amino group (NH2).

### Step 2: Identify the Active Sites for Nitration
In the nitration reaction, we need to identify where the nitro group (NO2) can be added to the benzene ring. The amino group (NH2) is an activating group and directs electrophilic substitution to the ortho and para positions of the benzene ring due to resonance effects.

### Step 3: Resonance Structures of Aniline
The lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of the amino group can participate in resonance with the benzene ring. This resonance increases the electron density at the ortho and para positions, making them more reactive towards electrophiles such as the nitronium ion (NO2+).

### Step 4: Nitration Reaction
During nitration, the nitronium ion (NO2+) attacks the ortho and para positions of the aniline ring. The possible products from this reaction are:
1. **Ortho-nitroaniline**: The nitro group is added to the ortho position relative to the amino group.
2. **Para-nitroaniline**: The nitro group is added to the para position relative to the amino group.

### Step 5: Final Products
Thus, the nitration of aniline yields two main products:
- **Ortho-nitroaniline**
- **Para-nitroaniline**

### Summary
Aniline on nitration gives a mixture of ortho-nitroaniline and para-nitroaniline.

---