One of the reasons that solid `CuSO_4` dissolves in water is

Options

A. The ion-dipole forces between the ions and water molecules
B. The electrostatic force of attraction between `Cu^(2+)` and the `SO_4^(2-)` ions
C. Instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces (dispersion or London forces) between the `Cu^(2+)` and `SO_4^(2-)` ions
D. The hydrogen bonding between the water molecules

Answer

To determine why solid `CuSO4` dissolves in water, we can analyze the nature of the interactions that occur when `CuSO4` is introduced into a polar solvent like water. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the reasoning:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Composition of CuSO4**:
- Solid copper(II) sulfate, `CuSO4`, consists of copper ions (`Cu^2+`) and sulfate ions (`SO4^2-`). When `CuSO4` is added to water, it dissociates into these ions.

2. **Properties of Water**:
- Water (`H2O`) is a polar solvent. This means it has a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom due to the difference in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen.

3. **Ion-Dipole Interactions**:
- When `CuSO4` is placed in water, the `Cu^2+` ions are attracted to the partially negative oxygen atoms of water molecules. This attraction is due to the ion-dipole forces, which occur between the charged ions and the polar water molecules.

4. **Attraction of Sulfate Ions**:
- Similarly, the `SO4^2-` ions are attracted to the partially positive hydrogen atoms of water molecules. This also involves ion-dipole interactions.

5. **Dissolution Process**:
- The ion-dipole forces between the `Cu^2+` ions and the oxygen atoms of water, as well as between the `SO4^2-` ions and the hydrogen atoms of water, facilitate the dissolution of `CuSO4` in water.

6. **Conclusion**:
- The primary reason that solid `CuSO4` dissolves in water is due to the ion-dipole forces between the ions of `CuSO4` and the water molecules.

### Final Answer:
The correct reason that solid `CuSO4` dissolves in water is **ion-dipole forces between the ions and water molecules**.

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