Why is glycol and water mixture used in car radiators in cold countries

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Components**: The mixture in question consists of glycol (specifically ethylene glycol) and water. Both of these substances play crucial roles in the functioning of car radiators.

2. **Freezing Point Depression**: Ethylene glycol is known for its ability to lower the freezing point of water. This property is essential in cold climates where temperatures can drop below the freezing point of water (0°C or 32°F).

3. **Preventing Freezing**: When ethylene glycol is mixed with water, it creates a solution that has a lower freezing point than pure water. This means that the coolant in the radiator will remain liquid at lower temperatures, preventing it from freezing.

4. **Avoiding Damage to the Radiator**: If the coolant were to freeze, it could expand and cause significant damage to the radiator and other parts of the engine. A frozen coolant can lead to a burst radiator, which would be costly to repair and could leave the vehicle inoperable.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the use of a glycol and water mixture in car radiators in cold countries is crucial for ensuring that the coolant does not freeze, thus protecting the radiator and maintaining the vehicle's functionality.