State true(T) or false(F) to the given statements and select the correct option.
( a ) Annual rings are distinct in plants growing in temperate regions.
( b ) Lenticels occur in most woody trees and permit the exchange of gases.
( c ) Due to stelar secondary growth, central cylinder of wood surrounded by secondary phloem is formed.
( d ) The cells of endodermis opposite to protoxylem divide to give rise vascular cambium in dicot roots.

Options

A. a(T), b(T), c(F), d(F)
B. a(T), b(T), c(T), d(F)
C. a(T), b(F), c(T), d(F)
D. a(F), b(F), c(T), d(T)

Answer

To solve the question, we will evaluate each statement one by one and determine whether they are true (T) or false (F).

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Statement (a)**: "Annual rings are distinct in plants growing in temperate regions."
- **Explanation**: In temperate regions, the climate varies significantly throughout the year, leading to distinct growth patterns. During spring, the cambium is highly active, producing larger xylem vessels (early wood), while in autumn, the activity decreases, resulting in smaller vessels (late wood). This creates visible annual rings.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **True (T)**.

2. **Statement (b)**: "Lenticels occur in most woody trees and permit the exchange of gases."
- **Explanation**: Lenticels are indeed found in woody plants and are formed by the rupture of parenchymatous cells, creating openings that allow gas exchange between the atmosphere and internal tissues.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **True (T)**.

3. **Statement (c)**: "Due to stelar secondary growth, central cylinder of wood surrounded by secondary phloem is formed."
- **Explanation**: Stelar secondary growth refers to the growth of the central cylinder (stele) which includes secondary xylem (wood) surrounded by secondary phloem. This is a characteristic of many plants, particularly in older trees.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **True (T)**.

4. **Statement (d)**: "The cells of endodermis opposite to protoxylem divide to give rise to vascular cambium in dicot roots."
- **Explanation**: In dicot roots, the vascular cambium does not originate from the endodermis. Instead, it arises from the pericycle and the conjunctive tissue located below the phloem. Therefore, this statement is incorrect.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **False (F)**.

### Final Answers:
- (a) True (T)
- (b) True (T)
- (c) True (T)
- (d) False (F)

### Correct Option:
The correct option based on the evaluations is:
- (T, T, T, F)