how many among the following are defining feature of living beings? ( reproduction, growth, metabolism, cellular organisation, consciousness)

Options

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

Answer

To determine how many of the listed characteristics are defining features of living beings, we will analyze each option one by one:

1. **Reproduction**:
- Reproduction is a fundamental characteristic of living organisms. It is the process by which living beings produce offspring, ensuring the continuation of their species. Thus, reproduction is a defining feature of living beings.

2. **Growth**:
- Growth refers to the increase in size or mass of an organism over time. While growth is commonly observed in living beings, it is not a definitive feature because some living organisms may not grow continuously or may even shrink in size. Therefore, growth is not considered a defining feature of living beings.

3. **Metabolism**:
- Metabolism encompasses all the biochemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life, including energy production and utilization. This is essential for sustaining life, making metabolism a defining feature of living beings.

4. **Cellular Organization**:
- All living organisms are composed of cells, which are the basic units of life. Cellular organization is a fundamental characteristic that distinguishes living beings from non-living entities. Hence, cellular organization is a defining feature of living beings.

5. **Consciousness**:
- Consciousness refers to the ability to respond to external stimuli and to be aware of one’s surroundings. While not all living organisms exhibit consciousness in the same way, the ability to respond to the environment is a characteristic of living beings. Therefore, consciousness can be considered a defining feature.

Now, let's summarize the findings:

- **Defining Features**:
- Reproduction: Yes
- Growth: No
- Metabolism: Yes
- Cellular Organization: Yes
- Consciousness: Yes

From the analysis, we find that four out of the five characteristics listed (Reproduction, Metabolism, Cellular Organization, and Consciousness) are defining features of living beings.

**Final Answer**: 4 defining features.

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