In roots, the arrangement of xylem and vascular bundies is _ and_ respectively

Options

A. Endarch, radial
B. Endarch, conjoint
C. Exarch, radial
D. Exarch, conjoint

Answer

To answer the question regarding the arrangement of xylem and vascular bundles in roots, we can break down the solution into clear steps:

### Step 1: Understand the Arrangement of Xylem in Roots
In roots, the xylem is arranged in an **exarch** manner. This means that the protoxylem (the first-formed xylem) is located towards the periphery of the root, while the metaxylem (the later-formed xylem) is situated towards the center.

### Step 2: Define Exarch Arrangement
The exarch arrangement can be defined as follows:
- **Protoxylem**: Directed towards the outer edge (periphery).
- **Metaxylem**: Directed towards the inner part (center).

### Step 3: Understand the Arrangement of Vascular Bundles in Roots
The vascular bundles in roots are arranged in a **radial** manner. In this arrangement, the xylem and phloem are positioned separately from each other, rather than being grouped together.

### Step 4: Define Radial Arrangement
The radial arrangement means:
- Vascular bundles (xylem and phloem) are arranged in separate radii.
- Xylem and phloem do not form a single bundle but are distinct from each other.

### Step 5: Conclusion
Based on the definitions and arrangements discussed:
- The arrangement of xylem in roots is **exarch**.
- The arrangement of vascular bundles in roots is **radial**.

Thus, the final answer is: **exarch and radial**.

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