What is the maximum concentration of alcohol which can lead to death of yeasts?

Options

A. 0.23
B. 0.06
C. 0.13
D. 0.26

Answer

To solve the question regarding the maximum concentration of alcohol that can lead to the death of yeast, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Yeast Metabolism**:
- Yeasts, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, metabolize glucose through a process called glycolysis. This process breaks down glucose into pyruvate.

2. **Fermentation Process**:
- Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted into ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide through fermentation. This is a natural process that yeasts perform to generate energy.

3. **Effect of Ethanol Concentration**:
- As the concentration of ethanol increases, it becomes toxic to the yeast cells. The alcohol produced during fermentation can inhibit yeast growth and eventually lead to cell death.

4. **Determining the Toxic Concentration**:
- Research indicates that the maximum concentration of ethanol that yeast can tolerate before experiencing lethal effects is around 0.13 (13% v/v). Beyond this concentration, the alcohol can damage cellular structures and functions.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the maximum concentration of alcohol that can lead to the death of yeast is approximately **0.13** (or 13%).

### Final Answer:
The maximum concentration of alcohol which can lead to the death of yeasts is **0.13** (13% v/v).