Which of the following materials are not included in germplasm of any crop species?

Options

A. Cultivated improved varieties
B. Lines produced by plant breeders
C. Wild species related to the crop species
D. Mutant varieties containing recessive genes

Answer

To determine which materials are not included in the germplasm of any crop species, we need to understand what germplasm is and what it comprises.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Definition of Germplasm**: Germplasm refers to the living tissues from which new plants can be developed. This includes seeds, pollen, leaves, and other plant parts that contain heritable genetic material.

2. **Components of Germplasm**: The germplasm includes:
- **Seeds**: The most common form of germplasm, containing the genetic material of the plant.
- **Pollen**: Male gametes that can fertilize ovules to produce seeds.
- **Leaves and Other Tissues**: These can also be used in plant breeding and propagation.

3. **Exclusion from Germplasm**: Materials that do not contain viable genetic material or cannot contribute to the propagation of new plants are not considered germplasm. This may include:
- **Cultivated Improved Varieties**: These are developed through selective breeding and are not considered germplasm themselves, but rather products of germplasm.

4. **Conclusion**: Based on the understanding of germplasm, the materials that are not included in the germplasm of any crop species are those that do not have heritable genetic material or cannot produce new plants.

### Final Answer:
The materials that are not included in the germplasm of any crop species are cultivated improved varieties.

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