select the correct set of steps involved in the process of decomposition. (a) stratification, (b) catabolism, (c) fragmentation, (d) mineralization, (e) leaching

Options

A. (a), (b) and (d)
B. (a), (c) and (e)
C. all except (e)
D. all except (a)

Answer

To determine the correct set of steps involved in the process of decomposition, we will analyze each option provided in the question. The steps of decomposition are crucial for recycling nutrients in the ecosystem.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Decomposition**:
- Decomposition is the process by which complex organic matter from dead organisms (plants and animals) is broken down into simpler inorganic materials and nutrients. This process is facilitated by decomposers such as bacteria and fungi.

2. **Identifying the Steps**:
- The steps typically involved in decomposition include:
- **Fragmentation**: This is the breakdown of detritus (dead organic matter) into smaller pieces by detritivores (e.g., earthworms). This increases the surface area for microbial action.
- **Leaching**: This involves the movement of water-soluble nutrients from the organic matter into the soil, making them available for plants.
- **Catabolism**: This is the process where complex organic molecules are broken down into simpler substances by microbial enzymes, releasing energy in the process.
- **Humification**: This step involves the transformation of organic matter into humus, a dark, nutrient-rich substance that improves soil fertility.
- **Mineralization**: This is the final step where humus is further broken down into inorganic nutrients, which are then released back into the soil.

3. **Evaluating the Options**:
- (a) Stratification: This refers to the layering of different types of soil or sediment and is not a step in decomposition.
- (b) Catabolism: This is a correct step in decomposition.
- (c) Fragmentation: This is also a correct step in decomposition.
- (d) Mineralization: This is a correct step in decomposition.
- (e) Leaching: This is a correct step in decomposition.

4. **Conclusion**:
- The correct steps involved in the process of decomposition are:
- (b) Catabolism
- (c) Fragmentation
- (d) Mineralization
- (e) Leaching
- The incorrect option is (a) Stratification.

### Final Answer:
The correct set of steps involved in the process of decomposition is: **(b) Catabolism, (c) Fragmentation, (d) Mineralization, (e) Leaching**.