Haldane's effect explains

Options

A. formation of sodium bicarbonate
B. formation of carbaminohemoglobin
C. dissociation ofCO_2 from hemoglobin in the lungs
D. all of the above

Answer

To solve the question "Haldane's effect explains", we will analyze the options provided and understand the concept of Haldane's effect.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Haldane's Effect**:
- Haldane's effect refers to the phenomenon where the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin in the lungs promotes the release of carbon dioxide from hemoglobin. This is crucial for efficient gas exchange in the respiratory system.

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Option 1: Formation of sodium bicarbonate**: This is not directly related to Haldane's effect. Sodium bicarbonate is formed in the blood as a result of carbon dioxide reacting with water, but it does not explain Haldane's effect.
- **Option 2: Formation of carbamino hemoglobin**: While carbon dioxide can bind to hemoglobin to form carbamino hemoglobin, Haldane's effect specifically describes the release of carbon dioxide when oxygen binds to hemoglobin, rather than the formation of carbamino hemoglobin itself.
- **Option 3: Dissociation of carbon dioxide from hemoglobin in the lungs**: This option correctly describes Haldane's effect. When oxygen binds to hemoglobin in the lungs, it causes carbon dioxide to be released from hemoglobin.
- **Option 4: All of the above**: Since options 1 and 2 are incorrect, this option cannot be correct.

3. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the analysis, the correct answer is **Option 3: Dissociation of carbon dioxide from hemoglobin in the lungs**. This aligns with the definition of Haldane's effect.

### Final Answer:
The correct answer is **Option 3: Dissociation of carbon dioxide from hemoglobin in the lungs**.