Explain the terms: extent of ionization and on what factors it depends

Explanation

Acids are generally represented as .HX. and bases are represented as .BOH..
Ionization of acids and bases `HX. overset(H_(2)O) to H^(+)+X^(-)`
`BOH overset(H_(2)O) to B^(+)+OH^(-)`
This process of splitting of acids and bases when dissolved in water is called .ionization. or dissociation.. The extent of ionization of acids and bases depends on the polarity of the molecule. For strong acids and strong bases extent of ionization is large. The extent of ionization is less for weak acids or bases.
This extent of ionization depends on the concentration of the solution of the substance.
Process of ionization is an equilibrium process.
`HX overset(H_(2)O) hArr H^(+)+X^(-)`
`BOH overset(H_(2)O) hArr B^(+)+OH^(-)`
Hence, the equilibrium constants are expressed as `K_(a)=([H^(+)][X^(-)])/([HX])`
`K_(a)`= açid ionization constant (or) acid dissociation constant.
`K_(b)=([B^(+)][OH^(-)])/([BOH])`
`K_(b)`= base ionization constant (or) base dissociation constant.