Discuss the various reactions that occur in the Solvay process.

Explanation

Preparation:
Sodium carbonate is prepared by solvay process.
In this process sodium chloride reacts with ammonium bicarbonate and gets precipitated the low soluble sodium bicarbonate.
The lather is prepared by passing `CO_2` into a concentrated solution of NaCl saturated with ammonia. Here `(NH_4)_2 CO_3` followed by `NH_4 HCO_3` are formed.
Chemical equations involved:
`2NH_3 +H_2O+ CO_2 to (NH_4)_2 CO_3`
`(NH_4)_2 CO_3+H_2O +CO_2 to 2NH_4HCO_3`
`NH_4HCO_3 to Na_2Cl to NH_4CL +NaHCO_3`
The separated `NaHCO_3` crystals heated to get `Na_2CO_3`
`2NaHCO_3 to Na_2CO_3 +H_2O +CO_2`
In this process ammonia is regenerated by `Ca(OH)_2`
`2NH_4Cl +Ca(OH)_2 to 2NH_3 +CaCl_2 +H_2O`