Define transformation in Griffith's Experiment Discuss how it helps in the identification of DNA as genetic meterial.

Explanation

Frederick Griffith (1928) conducted experiments on streptococcus pneumoniae and observed a transformation in bacteria. When streptococcus were grown on a culture plate, some produced smooth shiny colonies (s) while others produced rough colonies (R ). Mice injected with .s. shain (mucous coat) die from pneumonia infection but mice injected with R strain do not develop pneumonia.
He injected heat killed .s. strain becteria to mice, It is healthy. Finally he injected heat killed S and R strains, the mice died. He concluded that the R strain bacteria had been transformed by heat killed .s. strain bacteria. Some transforming principle transferred from heat killed strain to R strain to synthesize a mucous coat and become virulent. This is due to the transfer of genetic material.