Suggest some methods to assist infertile couples to have children.

Explanation

The infertility may be due to physical, genetic, certain diseases, drugs, immunological or even psychological. Infertility clinics could help in diagnosis and corrective treatment of some of these disorders and enable the couples to have children in natural way.
In the cases where such corrections are not possible, the couple could be assisted to have children through special techniques known as Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). The following are some important techniques employed in ART.
1) IVF : In Vitro Fertilization is a process in which fertilization of ovum by sperm done outside the woman.s body. In this method, popularly known as "Test Tube Baby Procedure., ova from wife or female donor and sperms from husband / male donor are collected, mixed and induced to form zygote under simulated conditions in the laboratory. If the mother.s uterus is not medically fit to receive the embryo produced invitro, it can be implanted in the uterus of another woman (surrogate mother).
2) ZIFT : Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer is another technique used to overcome infertility. The ovum is extracted and fertilized invitro and the zygote is transferred to the woman.s fallopian tube to complete its further course of development.
3) GIFT: Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer is a procedure done for women who cannot produce ova either due to defect or diseases in ovaries, but still can provide suitable environment for fertilization and further development of the embryo in their uterus. In these cases, ovum is collected from donor is transferred to the fallopian tube of recipient woman for fertilization.
4) ICST: Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection is another specialised procedure in which a sperm is directly injected into ovum with the help of microscopic needle to form an embryo in vitro. Later the embryo is transferred to the uterus or fallopian tube for further development. This method is employed assist the couple where there are problems with the sperms such as decrease in sperm count.
5) AI: Artificial Insemination is done in a case where male is unable to inseminate the female or due to very low sperm count in the ejaculate. In this technique, semen is collected from the husband or healthy donor and is introduced into the uterus (Intra Uterine Insemination-IUI) for achieving fertilization.