Explain why alkyl groups are electron donors when attached to a `pi` system?

Paragraph The acidic strength of saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids depends mainly upon the inductive effect of the substitutent and its position w.rt, the -COOH group. Whereas electron donating substitutents tend to decrease, electron withdrawing substitutents tend to increase the acid strength. The acidic strength of aromatic carboxylic acids, on the other hand, depends upon both the inductive and the resonance effect of the substitutents. Which of the following is obtained when 4-methylbenzenesulphonic acid is hydrolysed with excess of sodium acetate?

In secondary and tertiary amines when two or more alkyl groups are different,then they are called……………...

In a chamber, a uniform magnetic field of 6.5 G (1 G = 10^-4T) is maintained. An elecIron is shot into the field with a speed of 4.8 xx10^6 ms^-1 normalto the field. Explain why the path of the electron is a circle. Determine the radius of the circular . orbit.(e = 1.6xx10^-19 C, m_e=9.1xx10^-31kg) .

Explain why the following systems are not aromatic?

Explain why the following systems are not aromatic?

Explain why the following systems are not aromatic?

a) On moving down a group what happens to electron gain enthalpy? b) Why chlorine shows more negative electron gain enthalpy than fluorine?

Ammonia is a base because it has a lone pair of electrons. Predict the change in -basicity in the following cases and give reason for each. a) When one hydrogen of ammonia is replaced by methyl group. b) When one hydrogen of ammonia is replaced by phenyl group.