Compare the general characteristics of the first series of the transition metals with those of the second and third series metals. in the respective vertical columns. Give special emphasis on the following points: (i) electronic configurations (ii) oxidation states iii) Ionisation enthalpies and iv) atomic sizes.

Discuss the general characteristics of Group 15 elements with reference to their electronic configuration, oxidation state, atomic size, Ionisation, enthalpy, and electronegativity.

Compare the chemistry of actinoids with that of the lantlanoids with special reference to: i. electronic configuration ii. oxidation state iii. atomic and ionic sizes and iv, chemical, reactivity.

Presence of unpaired electrons makes a species paramagnetic. Each unpaired electron has a magnetic moment associated with its spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum. For the compounds of the first series of transition metals, the contribution of the orbital angular momentum is effectively quenched and hence is considerably important. For these, the magnetic moment is determined by the number of unpaired electrons and is calculated by using the spin-only formula, i.e., mu = sqrt(n(n+2)) where n=number of unpaired electrons and mu =magnetic momentin (in Bohr magneton, B.M.). If n=1, then mu = 1.73 B.M . Which one of the following transition metal ions is paramagnetic?

Transition metals show variable oxidation states due to tendency of ‘d’ as well as ‘s’ electrons to take part In bond formation:- Which element in the first series of transition elements does not exhibit variable oxidation states and why?

Most transition metals I:forms sets of compounds which display different oxidation states of the metal.. II: for coloured ions in solution III: bum vigorously inoxygen IV: replace H, from dilute acids of these

(-)2 - methylbutan- 1 - ol on heating with conc. HCl gives (+)1 - chloro - 2 - methylbutane by SN^(2) mechanism. Which of the following statement are correct i) reaction proceeds through retension of configuration at stereocentre ii) reaction proceeds through inversion of configuration at stereocentre iii) reaction proceeds directly through a transition state iv) reaction proceeds through carbocation intermediate

Explain giving reasons: i. Transition metals and many of their compounds show paramagnetic behaviour. ii. The enthalpies of atomisation of the transition metals are high. iii. The transition metals generally form coloured compounds. Iv. Transition metals and their many compounds act as good catalyst.