Transition elements show various oxidation -states and many, of the transition metal ions are attracted by a magnetic field. a. Give reason for variability of oxidation state. b. Name the two types of magnetic behaviour. c. The observed magnetic moment of `Sc^(3+)` was found to be 'zero '.Calculate the magnetic moment of `Sc^ (3+)`, using the 'spin-only' formula and compare the result of observed and calculated magnetic moment.

Explanation

a. They show a variety of oxidation states in their compounds due to the availability of both .(ns). and .(n) dot 1). d electrons for-bund formation: Their general oxidation-state is .+2. and other oxidation states like .+1,+3,+4,+5. .+6. and .+7. are also.possible.
b. Paramagnetism and diamagnetism.
c. .operator name(Sc)(Z=21)=[(Ar)] 4 s^(2) 3 (~d)^(t) (Sc)^(3+)=4 (~s)^(circ) 3 (~d)^(circ).
Magnetic .moment, .mu=sqrt(n(n+2). where .n .^(+). is the number of umpaited elecu trons .therefore mu. of .(Sc)^(2)=sqrt(0(0+2)=0.
Both the observed and calculated magnetic moment of .dot (Se)^(l+). is zero.