Name the d-block elment which do not have partially filled d-orbitals in their atom or in their simple ions

Answer

To answer the question of which d-block elements do not have partially filled d-orbitals in their atomic or ionic states, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify d-block elements
The d-block elements are found in groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table. These include transition metals such as Scandium (Sc), Titanium (Ti), Vanadium (V), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), and others.

### Step 2: Determine the electronic configuration
The general electronic configuration for d-block elements can be represented as:
\[ \text{(n-1)d}^{x} \text{ns}^{y} \]
where \( x \) can vary from 0 to 10 (for d-orbitals) and \( y \) can vary from 0 to 2 (for s-orbitals).

### Step 3: Identify elements with fully filled d-orbitals
The elements that have completely filled d-orbitals in their atomic state are:
- Zinc (Zn): \[ \text{[Ar]} 3d^{10} 4s^{2} \]
- Cadmium (Cd): \[ \text{[Kr]} 4d^{10} 5s^{2} \]
- Mercury (Hg): \[ \text{[Xe]} 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6s^{2} \]

### Step 4: Analyze their ionic states
In their most stable ionic states:
- Zinc (Zn²⁺): \[ \text{[Ar]} 3d^{10} \]
- Cadmium (Cd²⁺): \[ \text{[Kr]} 4d^{10} \]
- Mercury (Hg²⁺): \[ \text{[Xe]} 4f^{14} 5d^{10} \]

In all these cases, the d-orbitals remain fully filled (d10) in their ionic states as well.

### Step 5: Conclusion
The d-block elements that do not have partially filled d-orbitals in their atomic or simple ionic states are:
- Zinc (Zn)
- Cadmium (Cd)
- Mercury (Hg)